> It's a major oversight for student education -- to be taught the dangers of the subject you're about to be exposed to in real life.
Organic chemistry used to teach people to pipette with their mouth because the alternative was too expensive.
Okay. These are the level of cowboys in the field. The Austin Fire Department had to threaten to let the UT Chem Building burn to get them to straighten up.
Even Derek Lowe (https://www.science.org/blogs/pipeline) talks about teaching a lab where the ether solvent was giving him migraines for an entire semester.
And, of course, we have Mex Gergel's Superfund-level toxic dumpsites described in "Excuse Me Sir, Would You Like to Buy a Kilo of Isopropyl Bromide?"
Organic chemistry seems to attract these kinds of people for some reason.
I worked for one of the companies mentioned by Gergel which ended up as a Superfund site after it had closed. We distributed some of his creations and he some of ours.
There is always some risk in handling chemicals, even more so making new ones from scratch.
This does not so much attract those driven by risky behavior, rather those who can tolerate the risk remaining after effective mitigation.
With toxic chemicals it's good to have a safety culture.
Historically, with more common toxins like benzene, it was often handled without gloves up to at least the mid 1970's when the effects of long-term exposure became more widely recgonized.
Regardless from the very beginning benzene had always been handled with no smoking, lighters, or open flames, and with a respirator when the operator deemed necessary.
Most days gloves were just plain never worn except for well-recognized major immediate hazards like pure sulfuric acid, and disposable gloves had never become a consideration since they were plain latex which is not very chemically resistant, too thin & skin-tight, basically as the name implies "surgical" gloves for physicians & nurses to maintain a more sterile enviroment and protect the patients from contaminants on the workers' hands, not as much to protect the workers themselves.
Industrial nitrile gloves were already up to today's standards but these were orders of magnitude more costly than medical disposables, much thicker, not tight at all, can last for years and be easily slipped on & off quickly for instance every time an entry needs to be made in a lab notebook without taking the chance of touching the notebook with any contaminated gloved hands ever.
Workers were expected to take very good care of their prized modern nitrile gloves so they would be ready every time when needed, unfortunately this was so seldom that often they couldn't find their personal gloves quick enough, and poured the sulfuric without using them anyway.
Or perhaps even more risky, using someone else's gloves, other than the specific pair they had been issued and expected to provide dedicated care & maintenance of along with their personal respirator. You didn't need these things most of the time, but when you did nothing else would do. And you never knew how contaminated someone else's PPE might have been.
By the 1980's litigation was alarmingly through the roof everywhere and toxic chemicals are a very difficult-to-defend target.
Mandates came down for workers to wear nitrile gloves for every single chemical with any kind of hazard at all. Materials like acetone, dilute acids, brine solutions etc. that had been handled safely without gloves for generations now triggered the requirement. Some operators who seldom wore gloves now needed to wear them most of the time from that point forward. If you wore them all the time it was felt you were protected all the time. Culture changed. It became a no-brainer.
Cue the arrival of disposable nitrile gloves, the full-strength originals were just too expensive for everyday use. The inflation from 1971 to 1976 had made sure of that.
Culture changed further. Eventually the appearence of a gloved hand holding a test tube is no longer a red flag that it likely contains one of the very few (in most labs) highly toxics that truly require the most extreme care.
Today I've got workers going through pallets of disposable gloves for every pair of traditional personal nitriles.
Other companies haven't issued personal gloves of any kind for decades, nitrile or not.
And I never dreamed the doorknobs and keyboards on the office machines would become so suspect for toxins compared to how it was before gloves became ubiquitous. Lab notebooks today might be safer to handle only with gloves and not enter non-chemical offices.
Remember PPE stands for "Personal Protective Equipment" and its not very personal if it's a throwaway and can be treated like an afterthought rather than a personal possession.
This methylmercury fatality could likely have been prevented if the disposable nitriles had never arose.
No doubt the victim would have been wearing the thick non-tight original gloves instead, which might have provided protection anyway even though the nitrile composition is just not completely impermeable to this particular toxin. Would have to safely discard the contaminated non-disposable gloves also since this is a lingering hazard rather than something like an aggressive acid which can be washed off the gloves afterward.
Organic chemistry used to teach people to pipette with their mouth because the alternative was too expensive.
Okay. These are the level of cowboys in the field. The Austin Fire Department had to threaten to let the UT Chem Building burn to get them to straighten up.
Even Derek Lowe (https://www.science.org/blogs/pipeline) talks about teaching a lab where the ether solvent was giving him migraines for an entire semester.
And, of course, we have Mex Gergel's Superfund-level toxic dumpsites described in "Excuse Me Sir, Would You Like to Buy a Kilo of Isopropyl Bromide?"
Organic chemistry seems to attract these kinds of people for some reason.