As for FORTRAN in the wild, there are many simulations used by the US government still in use, example like Enhanced Surface-to-Air Missile Simulation (ESAMS).
Would it be a good language to use outside of specialized needs? Probably not.
I'm not questioning Fortran in the wild, I'm questioning modern Fortran in the wild. Are those simulations Fortran 2008, or FORTRAN 77 that nobody dares touch?
There's modern stuff being written in astro(nomy/physics) (I can attest to some of the codebases listed in https://github.com/Beliavsky/Fortran-code-on-GitHub#astrophy... being modern, at least in terms of development), but I'd say C++ likely does have the upper hand for newer codebases (unless things have changed dramatically last time I looked, algorithms that don't nicely align with nd-arrays are still painful in Fortran).
I've also heard rumours of Julia and even Rust being used (the latter because of the ability to reuse libraries in the browser e.g. for visualisation), but the writers of these codebases (and the Fortran/C/C++/Java) are unusual—Python and R (and for some holdouts, IDL) are what are most people write in (even if those languages call something else).
Would it be a good language to use outside of specialized needs? Probably not.