Sharding is a very simple to understand concept and it's used in database systems today. Effectively, Ethereum's long-term data will become split across 4 partitions (which function as one chain). A validator would not be required to validate data on all 4 shards, they could validate across just one.
Ethereum's execution will continue to be serialized while the data layer is parallelized.
This allows the chain data to grow without excessive hardware requirements.
Ethereum's execution will continue to be serialized while the data layer is parallelized.
This allows the chain data to grow without excessive hardware requirements.