You may want to try temporarily disabling GPU blacklisting in chrome://flags or about: config (both Chrome and Firefox have this "feature"). There are a bunch of very specific hardware, OS version, driver version, and feature extension combinations that are disallowed in the browser.
Unfortunately, this feature is very obscure, not really explained anywhere, and no complete list of blocked configurations exists anywhere. I've heard that it's supposedly to protect from buggy implementations that might allow a sandbox escape exploit. But again, that's just hearsay, there's really no official, up to date documentation on any of this
I happen to know it, because for years there was an issue with hardware acceleration in Chrome on Mali cards (something something EXT_robustness), so I just chalked it up as the same sort of fuckery.
Unfortunately, this feature is very obscure, not really explained anywhere, and no complete list of blocked configurations exists anywhere. I've heard that it's supposedly to protect from buggy implementations that might allow a sandbox escape exploit. But again, that's just hearsay, there's really no official, up to date documentation on any of this