I don't believe this has everything been tested in court, but I fail to imagine how a USB cable or SATA constitutes a network. Wifi, sure. If you have an IPX or TokenRing or an ISO/OSI network, then sure.
Either way, the more relevant part here is the use inside an internal organization.
It's about intent. If the customer is communicating with you then it's "supposed" to count. This is important, because it covers devices that you talk to to use.
Per the literal text of the AGPL, it's about providing a service over a network via a protocol. So if it's a SATA device the network is peer to peer and the protocol is SATA. I have no reason to believe a real test of the AGPL would be so restrictive.
The service you are offering is SATA compliance for storage, or USB (sub)protocol compliance for one of myriad reasons. E.g. I have projects where the main interface is USB or CAN bus. I expect the AGPL to apply. I mention this explicitly when discussing the license as well just to be airtight, but it's my belief it is already.
Either way, the more relevant part here is the use inside an internal organization.