unless you start overloading it too fast, and lift too close to failure and with bad technique...
I love deadlifts, but It is very easy to mess up your back with them. On the other hand, whenever I didn't deadlift, eventually started getting random back pains (from sitting too long), and wrists pains (from typing) as those muscles were getting weaker.
TLDR: Deadlifting, powerlifting and such are great for your back and posture, as long as you don't push yourself to your limits (keep it within 80-85% of your max) and watch your technique.
Most people want to push their personal envelope, and that's where they get injured.
