Hash maps are a fairly recent addition to the standard data structures "library", because they are relatively performance-intensive. They are of course very useful and therefore commonplace now, but I think that only came about after the rise of dynamic languages which have built-in hash maps (Javascript objects, PHP "associative arrays" etc.). So nowadays any new programming language which wants to attract web developers (e.g. Go) needs a built-in hash map.
Ehh, hash tables were invented in the 50s and were and are used wherever they are useful. I’m pretty sure a running joke is that every decently sized C program contains a half dozen hash table implementations. They’re not recent.