Enterprise SSDs use capacitor backed dram to buffer writes.
Some consumer SSDs do that, too. But with significant smaller amounts of dram.
This can intercept all the small writes that you e.g. do for metadata of the filesystem and via mapping can combine them into very few big writes. Or writes to the same position over and over again only need to touch the flash when the devices is powering down.
Are there any QLC enterprise SSDs? All the cheaper used enterprise SSDs I looked up where using TLC so far.
I'm pretty sure the only real factor in reliability is the SSD controller. The NAND will affect the lifespan of the SSD but when you have TBs of data a lot of it is written once.
Are there any studies that show that TLC/QLC SSDs are less reliable at the SSD level? I'm pretty sure TLC is already used by enterprise SSDs.