It isn't math so much as objective measurements that are necessary to have science. So I'd say the ability to impose math on those measurements is a necessary but not sufficient condition. One can produce garbage even in hard physics with bad theories and poor experiments.
Humans have way too many variables for anything beyond the most crude theories to ever be rigorous in my opinion.
Humans have way too many variables for anything beyond the most crude theories to ever be rigorous in my opinion.