No Windows doesn't have any fallback DNS servers configured. It will use the ones provided by DHCP or the ones you configure manually.
I don't know about the newest version of macOS but iOS and the versions of macOS I used didn't have any fallback DNS servers.
I wouldn't want a feature like that enabled by default. It can be useful if I have the option to configure it but enabled by default populated with DNS servers chosen by whoever submitted the pull request? No thanks.
No, windows has no such "user friendly" features...irony off.
The fun thing even those amateurish windows users know how to configure the dns server if they use a static ip.
But maybe Linux users are not so technology affine...second irony off.