Here in France basically all hives are infected, and male bees are the main propagation vector, since they go and visit other hives.
For me he choice is between an intrusive apiculture - introducing poisonous chemicals into the hive, frequent interventions, essentially having a dependent, weak bee population - and a more gentle one where I keep intervention to a minimum, and instead focus on giving the bees a healthy, thriving habitat, a garden without pesticides, access to water, and lots of flowers.
For me he choice is between an intrusive apiculture - introducing poisonous chemicals into the hive, frequent interventions, essentially having a dependent, weak bee population - and a more gentle one where I keep intervention to a minimum, and instead focus on giving the bees a healthy, thriving habitat, a garden without pesticides, access to water, and lots of flowers.