> computing bent the language instead. Jägerstraße => Jaegerstrasse.
Um, no. The words were originally written that way. Ä, ö, ü and ß actually developed from ligatures for ae, oe, ue and ss, long before computers were a thing.
What's your point exactly? Umlauts as we know them have been used for a few hundred years (hard to pin-point, because öäü evolved in "casual" hand-writing, not printing or books) before computing came along, so were clearly how the language worked before. The motive force for using AE and SS in computing was clearly that computers commonly didn't support it, not because people thought suddenly writing like this again a couple hundred years later would be fun.
Originally ß was just a ligature for ss (ſs) but it since developed its own meaning. ß indicates that the preceding vowel is long. Busse and Buße are pronounced differently and mean different things. The conversion ß -> ss destroys information that was present in the original orthography.
Um, no. The words were originally written that way. Ä, ö, ü and ß actually developed from ligatures for ae, oe, ue and ss, long before computers were a thing.