Speed of light in a fiber is slower than the speed of light in a vacuum, so it's the straight line speed of light versus the great circle speed of light / index of refraction. So you're looking at somewhere north of 35 milliseconds (because the fiber is NOT great circle, and repeaters and routers will add little snips of time every time they touch the signal).
But can you decode a neutrino signal in real time?
Pardon my ignorance, but what would a neutrino signal look like? Can’t it be pulsed on/off like an electron beam - does it have a wavelength/frequency like a photon?
>The process of the muon neutrino or muon antineutrino beam production consists of the following steps[1][2]:
>Acceleration of a primary proton beam in a particle accelerator.
>Proton beam collision with a fixed target. In such a collision secondary particles, mainly pions and kaons, are produced.
>Focusing, by a set of magnetic horns, the secondary particles with a selected charge: positive to produce the muon neutrino beam, negative to produce the muon anti-neutrino beam.
>Decay of the secondary particles in flight in a long (of the order of hundreds meters) decay tunnel. Charged pions decay[3] in more than 99.98% into a muon and the corresponding neutrino according to the principle of preserving electric charge and lepton number...
There's several different places in this chain where you could modulate the beam by turning various magnets on or off. Probably not in the proton accelerator.
Unfortunately, "long string of expensive experimental equipment" means "not efficient". From the paper:
>A neutrino source delivering muons at a rate of 10^14 s^−1 with an energy of 150 GeV would require about 4 MW in proton beam power and 2.4 MW acceleration power, which for a 10% electrical efficiency translates into a total power consumption of roughly 65 MW.
Yow. Something like ten times more power than the NuMI neutrino beam. He concludes this transmitter could do something like 100 bits/s to a stationary detector string anchored at the ocean bed. Deeper the better, for shielding against cosmic rays and solar radiation. Would be tough to put a neutrino detector close enough to a financial hub and still get useful bandwidth.
65 MW is only $6M/year at the cheapest available electricity prices. Even less if you turn it off at night or when markets aren't as volatile.
100 bits/sec is plenty to make lots of money... If you consider 100 bits/sec is 1 bit per 10 milliseconds, with say a 5% bit error rate (can't do error correction without introducing delay).
Each end of the connection can make two candidate investment strategies based on globally available data. The 'bit' decides which strategy to go for.
Easy money for anyone who can turn the science into reality... Easy money that will dry up as soon as a few other people start doing the same...
NuMI cost $139 million to construct, including the detectors. It was driven by the Tevatron, a proton accelerator 2km across that itself cost $197 million to build in 1991. 150 GeV particle accelerators are not cheap, and are going to be impossible to build secretly.
If everyone knows you have a phone to the future, finding counterparties is going to be hard. Who's going to take the other side of a trade you know you're going to lose?
In hamming codes, the correction can only be done when an entire block has been received.
With a block length more than 1, you therefore introduce latency of 10s of milliseconds.
With a block length of 1, a hamming code doesn't do any error correction.
Hamming codes would let you access the uncorrected data immediately, and do error correction later (after the block length has passed), but at that point you have already used it to make trading decisions, so it's too late.
But can you decode a neutrino signal in real time?