Personally, I would favor "noise tax" for any noise generated, regardless of the reason. (I may be biased, I am noise-sensitive.)
In this case, it will put pressure to avoid, or reduce, noise when possible (as it directly lowers costs).
It's not only cars - all neighbors with a passion for loud music (or quarrels), repair works taking longer and louder than necessary.
I absolutely detest Harley's and other loud motorcycles and don't understand why there are no restrictions on vehicular noise. Why do certain individuals get to impose their absurdly loud vrooms on everyone else just because they want to? It's such a trivially stupid negative externality that has no reason to exist.
In this case, it will put pressure to avoid, or reduce, noise when possible (as it directly lowers costs). It's not only cars - all neighbors with a passion for loud music (or quarrels), repair works taking longer and louder than necessary.