I don't understand how this is relevant. We're talking about a deterministic timeout, based on the diff between cert exp date and current date.
If Chrome added e.g. a 20 second slowdown to connect to the page for every user in the world one day after the cert expired, surely there would be some users who would ping the company that the site is unbearably slow (on social media, by email, whatever). Or someone in the company would notice. Or analytics would drop like hell.
Myriads of ways how a non-abandoned website would learn about it directly or indirectly.
Of course that seems like a giant hack, but a grace period of 1-7 days with browsers doing something less scary than a giant error screen would be more than welcome.
My point, such as it was, is that at present the workfactor penalty favours less-effective crypto, the opposite of the suggestion.
Of course a specifically-implemented timeout might be incorporated. That faces the challenge of bad actors (or incompetent / unaware ones) bypassing such a mechanism.
Incorporating the cost into the algorithm itself (say; requiring, more rounds based on time since first release, according to a mandatory and well-estabished protocol, just off the top of my head, with both client and server agreeing on minimum required rounds) might work.
