More seriously though, if we agree that the brain is described by physics, then all it can do, a turing machine can do as well, so at the root all experiences have to be data and computation.
Perhaps, but keep in mind that physics is a human description of the universe, not the universe itself. So it may also not be data and computation, as those might just be useful abstractions we create to model reality. Same with math.
But that gets into metaphysics, which is notoriously tricky.
That's why i say "if we agree that the brain is described by physics".
If you argue that a brain cannot be described by computation and there is something supernatural like soul, that's a fine theory, and the only way to disprove it, is to create working general ai.
I am not really sure about the value of this philosophical positions, since the ones i have seen, simply suggest to ignore logic for a little bit, to obtain the result they feel is correct.
The suggestion by Penrose that consciousness is connected to quantum state, and so cannot be copied, or computed on any classical turing machine fitting in the universe, is an interesting way to circumvent strange predictions of functionality, but is not very plausible.
And Jaron Lanier from your other comment explicitly suggests to not use approaches like that, because it would weaken vitality argument, when proven wrong.
It's only "insulin" and "cells" for someone interpreting the program. The issue here is that if you had a simulated brain, what makes that simulation a brain for the computer such that it would be conscious?
He's meteor shower intuition pump is similar to the argument that nations should be conscious if functionalism is true. The reason being that any complex physical system could potentially instantiate the functionality that produces a conscious state. It's also similar to Greg Egan's "Dust theory of Consciousness" in Permutation City.
If one is willing to bite the functional bullet on that, then you can have your simulated consciousness, and the universe may be populated with all sorts of weird conscious experiences outside of animals.
More seriously though, if we agree that the brain is described by physics, then all it can do, a turing machine can do as well, so at the root all experiences have to be data and computation.