5 is different from 4, because your agents in 5 are located in France. Thus, they must obey French law. Further, they are consuming French services (police, roads, fire), so it makes sense to tax them to pay for such services.
(This isn't getting into the question of whether your taxes are really buying those services (in the US, they are mostly redistributed to other people), but that's a separate matter.)
(This isn't getting into the question of whether your taxes are really buying those services (in the US, they are mostly redistributed to other people), but that's a separate matter.)