I feel that mere causation is sufficient to promote action. Waiting for causation feels like rationalizing laziness.
People don't wait to determine whether school district performance is caused by the staff or the selection effect of eager parents, they just move to good school districts.
Chase those good effects AND attempt to understand them. Understanding the mechanism is not necessary to select for good results.
(All ethics is utilitarian in effect. Kantians stop pretending.)
People don't wait to determine whether school district performance is caused by the staff or the selection effect of eager parents, they just move to good school districts.
Chase those good effects AND attempt to understand them. Understanding the mechanism is not necessary to select for good results.
(All ethics is utilitarian in effect. Kantians stop pretending.)