Question: The article says that if a resource is accessed as 'http:' and then as 'https:', then the second access will not hit the cache. Is that true? Thanks.
They are different resources so they are cached separately. There is no standard that says that a cached response for https://foo.org/x can be used for a request to http://foo.org/x.
Those would be different URIs, and thus different URLs, and thus have different caching policies. URIs (and in turn URLs) must be consistent for caching to apply.