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Within the minority of people in the world that use TeX/LaTeX/etc., there's a tiny minority of people who use TeX without LaTeX. Most of them use ConTeXt (https://wiki.contextgarden.net/Web_resources), some use extensions to plain TeX like eplain (https://tug.org/eplain/) or opmac (http://petr.olsak.net/opmac-e.html). And some use “only” plain TeX (that's Knuth's default/minimal format on top of TeX), and try to code everything themselves. (With LuaTeX it's even possible to use “TeX without TeX”: http://wiki.luatex.org/index.php?title=TeX_without_TeX)

My impression is that generally plain TeX is used by people who don't like all the LaTeX macro complexity and like to keep things simple (not easy), like to understand better what's going on, build their own tools, etc. In return they give up the ability of using the abundant number of LaTeX packages and standard formatting options, its decades-of-experience code, etc. If you want concrete numbers for a sense of things: on the https://tex.stackexchange.com website, there are currently 179,492 questions (https://tex.stackexchange.com/search?q=is%3Aquestion) and of those 590 have been tagged plain-tex (https://tex.stackexchange.com/search?q=is%3Aquestion+%5Bplai...). Of course these numbers shouldn't be taken too seriously as there are various selection biases in what kinds of people would use plain TeX versus how many of them would ask questions on a site like that, etc.




Interesting, it changes my understanding of tex a bit, as it's not "only" a building block (despite being mainly used as such). Time to follow those links and do some exploring!

Thanks again for the nice answer, people sharing like you did make HN very enjoyable




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