There is a lot that goes into a film. Cinematography which includes lighting which is itself a huge subject. Screen writing, acting and directing actors, music, vfx. Everything in post production which is huge. Color alone is a big subject.
Since you're asking about cinematography specifically, this is a great start to understand some techniques and where they originated:
"Cinematography: Theory and Practice: Image Making for Cinematographers and Directors" by Blain Brown.
I'm a newbie exec producer on a film which just completed production, entering a few festivals. Also did the color for the same film. And about to start shooting shorts for fun. Aspiring DP.
I think the answer is "passion". People remember such details in a specific field because they have a passion for it. The same person remembering techniques used in movie making probably know very little metallurgy.
Most people find some topics that just resonate with them and things just "stick" better. It's hard to force it and if you lack that "perfect fit" (or an incredible memory) those details will still be lost once you put the book down. You'll still have the broad strokes which is still very interesting knowledge to have in a conversation.
Since you're asking about cinematography specifically, this is a great start to understand some techniques and where they originated:
"Cinematography: Theory and Practice: Image Making for Cinematographers and Directors" by Blain Brown.
http://a.co/ctdtK14
I'm a newbie exec producer on a film which just completed production, entering a few festivals. Also did the color for the same film. And about to start shooting shorts for fun. Aspiring DP.