There is a book, Children of Time, I caution that it isn't actually a good book, its a bit ridiculous, but it was fun to explore what an earth-like planet would be like if spiders became the sentient species.
Thanks for giving me an excuse to recommend "A Deepness in the Sky", by far my favorite science fiction book with a planet of sentient spiders. It's the second in a series, but the first two book can be read out of order. https://www.amazon.com/Deepness-Sky-Zones-Thought/dp/0812536... (The first book is good too; The third one was OK, but not as great as the first two.)
It's not that bad, it won an Arthur C Clarke award.
Though I similarly thought it a bit ridiculous, that was actually more from the human elements of the plot than the spiders or ants. Spiders who'd just launched their sputnik. Overall I thought it a pretty good attempt with an unusual take, and worth reading.
Was I damning too much by feint praise? I thought I agreed it was pretty good. Just some of the human plot stretched a bit far to the ridiculous. The spider eye view of the world and technology, and their take on religion was fun, and well done.
Much better than a couple of books by far more acclaimed authors I've read recently, for instance.
I'm British, we're fed sarcasm and understatement from birth. :)