"Limit Ad Tracking", "Location-Based Apple Ads", "Background App Refresh", "Significant Locations" (this one irks me the most)
Don't get me wrong. I feel like Apple is at least trying to do the right thing with regards to privacy. They just aren't there yet (as evidenced by the linked article).
Not that I'm defending Apple, but why is significant locations so bad? I turn it off because I don't need it, but my wife likes it being turned on and as far as I'm aware, the data is encrypted on the device and never leaves.
At the risk of invoking (not from you specifically) the "if you haven't got anything to hide, you have nothing to worry about" argument:
The data can be used against you by the legal system (both civil and criminal), various authorities (like customs agents) and anyone else who has access to your passcode (a jealous spouse for example).
In the West, it's much less of an issue. But imagine you're a gay Chechen, a Chinese dissident, or a Burmese journalist and you find out the hard way your phone has been tracking your every move.
Here's an interesting read from a forensics specialist who calls the data "a proverbial gold mine" and references insurance industry attorneys who use the info -
(Spoiler: To Apple's credit, the investigator is not able to extract any of the encrypted data without the passcode.)
Personally, I've left it on since I agree it's a useful feature. And while I don't think there's any nefarious intent on Apple's part, I am really surprised that it's enabled by default and buried so deeply in the UI.
