This comment, https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19962895, from a few days ago explains that any use of goto broke Dijkstra's theoretical formalization of program structure. Accordingly, even today's minimal use of goto would still be harmful as it would break his formalization model.
Fortunately we have better models that can handle goto. So it's not really like the anti-vax movement because the most substantial thing that changed isn't our use of goto (the disease burden in your analogy) but better formalizations (i.e. we have better medicine that makes fewer demands of the patient).
No, it explains that any use of the original goto operator would break the formalization model. No current language has the goto model that Dijkstra was advocating against; he won. To put it in modern terms, the goto in question would be exposing to the programmer the raw "jmp" assembly instruction. No high level language does that.
Indeed the best way to understand what they can and can not do is precisely to understand that formalization model and understand when you can't do a certain thing because it breaks it.
Um... can't C jump pretty much anywhere (at least within the same function)? Including insane things like into loops? Is that enough to break Dijkstra's model? (Or are you excluding C from "high level languages"?)
I'll have to ask the reader to suitably modify the post above. The tamed goto made available in most modern high level languages can't break the analysis, because the compiler will reject it, i.e. https://play.golang.org/p/2tA7Bpof611 (hit "run" to (try to) compile)
Fortunately we have better models that can handle goto. So it's not really like the anti-vax movement because the most substantial thing that changed isn't our use of goto (the disease burden in your analogy) but better formalizations (i.e. we have better medicine that makes fewer demands of the patient).