> Unfortunately, there's no good way to have a font have sets of ligatures per <whatever you're working with right now>.
But there is, see Iosevkas ligature sets which switch different ligatures on and off. The editor can just opt-in which one to use.
There might not be sufficient editor support for it but you can work around it by generating different versions of it as default and then configure your editor to use that font. Not elegant but workable.
That's what I meant when I wrote that sentence: either the font doesn't have those sets, or the editors can't enable them, or there's no easy way to support different fonts for different languages, or...
It's not limited to just programming. Font fallbacks for multi-language texts (for example, English and Russian; that is, Latin and Cyrillic) in most (all?) mediums are usually horrible, and usually revert to whatever the OS provides.
But there is, see Iosevkas ligature sets which switch different ligatures on and off. The editor can just opt-in which one to use.
There might not be sufficient editor support for it but you can work around it by generating different versions of it as default and then configure your editor to use that font. Not elegant but workable.