Disclaimer: I'm not well versed in this topic's finer points, but I have some idea of the current and historical trends within it.
I'm mostly talking about exploitation theory, and two main contenders are UE and CECP; by aiming to eliminate a certain kind of exploitation in society, that will form the basis for a future society. Both of these have their origins in classical Marxian exploitation theory and mathematical Marxism. For instance, John Roemer suggests a market economy but one which is heavily redistributionist in terms of the material assets people can have. Along more traditional Marxist lines, Veneziani and Yoshihara are proponents of UE exploitation theory.
There's a good, recent overview of exploitation theory here[0] and some information about this area of research (including but not limited to exploitation theory) published by Veneziani in a book review on the state of Analytical Marxism.[1]
To understand the context of exploitation, labour and value and how these suggest a critique of capitalism (and thus the formation post-capitalist society) I'd look at my comment here[2] and the likes of Peter Hudis and Thomas T. Sekine. Most of the authors are socialists (in the Marxist tradition) but there are a few in anarchism, market anarchism and Communalism, though I'm not aware of their research.
