This misses two important points about interchange fees. First, is that fees already vary based on fraud potential, with higher fees charged for online transactions than in-person PIN and chip transactions.
Second, a large portion of the interchange fees are remanants of older less-digitized systems. The surplus from improved systems has been transferred into benefits for consumers in preference to reducing the cost to retailers (rewards points, extended warranties, bundled insurance, and extension do credit to riskier classes of borrowers). There have been class-action lawsuit launched by retailers in Canada and the US which sought redress on high fees, but only resulted in modest anti-trust actions (eliminating the clauses that disallowed retailers to give discounts for paying with cash, or charging a surcharge to customers who use rewards cards that carry higher fees for instance).
Contra to this is the example of Australia which took a regulatory approach and capped interchange fees at a level that allowed banks to cover thier costs, including fraud (a fraction of the fees in North America). This resulted an massive reduction of rewards programs, and greatly reduced the fees paid by retailers.
TL;DR: the costs associated with credit card fees is an accident of history and contingent on the actions taken or not taken by regulators. They have less to do with fraud or the cost of processing transactions than most people assume.
Second, a large portion of the interchange fees are remanants of older less-digitized systems. The surplus from improved systems has been transferred into benefits for consumers in preference to reducing the cost to retailers (rewards points, extended warranties, bundled insurance, and extension do credit to riskier classes of borrowers). There have been class-action lawsuit launched by retailers in Canada and the US which sought redress on high fees, but only resulted in modest anti-trust actions (eliminating the clauses that disallowed retailers to give discounts for paying with cash, or charging a surcharge to customers who use rewards cards that carry higher fees for instance).
Contra to this is the example of Australia which took a regulatory approach and capped interchange fees at a level that allowed banks to cover thier costs, including fraud (a fraction of the fees in North America). This resulted an massive reduction of rewards programs, and greatly reduced the fees paid by retailers.
TL;DR: the costs associated with credit card fees is an accident of history and contingent on the actions taken or not taken by regulators. They have less to do with fraud or the cost of processing transactions than most people assume.
Reference (though there are better ones with more detail if you dig around for reports from the Australian government): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interchange_fee#Australia_and_...