It's a bit more involved than that, nowadays there are many sensors instead of just one to detect a waiting car in front of the light, the speed gets measured as well as the number of vehicles.
As for a 'simple' camera, nothing that you deploy in all weather conditions is ever simple if it is to operate reliably.
As for a 'simple' camera, nothing that you deploy in all weather conditions is ever simple if it is to operate reliably.