There are a couple of ways to cut it up, for instance you could segment by:
Mood
Form
Period
Instrument
For me, I started with solo piano mainly, and some light chamber music and worked through periods (at a natural rate rather than any rigorous scheme). I found solo piano somewhat easier to analyze by ear and deliberately stayed away from things like symphonies as they were way too complex to appreciate to a depth that I am personally inclined.
Once I developed an ear for periodic styles and musicianship, it became natural to branch out into orchestration and more composers.
In terms of solo piano works that are famous:
Bach Goldberg variations/preludes and fugues/english and French suites
Mozart piano sonatas k310-333 are decent.
Beethoven piano sonatas pathetique, moonlight, les adieux, appassionata, waldstein (maybe also hammerklavier)
Chopin nocturnes, waltzes, preludes and sonata 2
Debussy - arabesques, suite bergamasque, piano pieces, preludes
Form
Period
Instrument
For me, I started with solo piano mainly, and some light chamber music and worked through periods (at a natural rate rather than any rigorous scheme). I found solo piano somewhat easier to analyze by ear and deliberately stayed away from things like symphonies as they were way too complex to appreciate to a depth that I am personally inclined.
Once I developed an ear for periodic styles and musicianship, it became natural to branch out into orchestration and more composers.
In terms of solo piano works that are famous:
Bach Goldberg variations/preludes and fugues/english and French suites
Mozart piano sonatas k310-333 are decent.
Beethoven piano sonatas pathetique, moonlight, les adieux, appassionata, waldstein (maybe also hammerklavier)
Chopin nocturnes, waltzes, preludes and sonata 2
Debussy - arabesques, suite bergamasque, piano pieces, preludes
That would be a starter :)