As I understand US law, when you're in public you have no expectation of privacy, and you can't do anything about having your photo taken. This is tangental to your point, but does that also mean that Facebook is legally free to ID you in photos which are taken in public? I really don't know.
(FWIW, I'm with you, it makes me crazy when family members post all their holiday photos on Facebook and tag me in them.)
I don't live in the US. And besides that there is a huge difference between just making a photograph and making a photograph with the intent of publication. That's when you get into portrait rights and such, especially if the person you are photographing is the main subject of the photo. Then it is mostly a matter of respect.
For celebrities and politicians there are yet more rules and exceptions.
(FWIW, I'm with you, it makes me crazy when family members post all their holiday photos on Facebook and tag me in them.)