Some photo competitions will ask for original RAW images as well as the actual photograph, e.g. for the Natural History Museum Wildlife Photographer of the Year FAQ:
What forms of digital adjustments are NOT acceptable?
Adding or removing objects (eg animals, animal parts, plants or people) is not permitted.
Why do you request the RAW file, original JPEG, original transparency or negative for all categories?
To check that any adjustments made to the image comply with our rules.