On the other hand, go operates in a much more finite universe than conversation does. You have 2 pieces, and a number of places to put them. You have a goal.
Conversation doesn't work like that, and takes a vast amount of information to understand whether someone is being sarcastic.
Probably not, because the approach taken in the paper is identifying a small set of patterns that are present in sarcasm, not fully understanding the meaning and context of why the sentence is sarcastic. It's a useful tool with pragmatic applications in online discourse analysis, but not a solved problem.
It may appear to you to be the case, but DeepBlue used a tree search algorithm. AlphaGo was an ensemble method that was based on neural networks, just like how the researchers used to detect sarcasm (sequence to vector). Read the article!