I loved Knuth’s concrete mathematics too. But I don’t think it is an attempt at reformulating calculus into the discrete math framework. Instead in many places in concrete math, knowledge of calculus is assumed, especially in later chapters about generating functions etc.
UPenn's Calculus I+II courses with Robert Ghrist uses this sort of notation right at the beginning (it takes the Talyor Polynomial as the natural starting point, rather than derivatives, with knocking off terms of the summation involves factoring them out into the O-notation block).
