Solar flare particles (unlike cosmic rays) are rather low energy, so it doesn’t take much to shield from them. I believe the surface of Mars is reasonably safe due to its atmosphere. Even at 0.007 atm, the total mass of air between you and the sun is quite large.
Solar flare particles would be an issue on the journey to Mars, however.
For cosmic rays, the exposure on Mars is the same as on the ISS: half that of deep space (the other half blocked by the planet below you). But so far there hasn’t been an elevated cancer rate for ISS astronauts, many of whom have spent 6+ months there.
Solar flare particles would be an issue on the journey to Mars, however.
For cosmic rays, the exposure on Mars is the same as on the ISS: half that of deep space (the other half blocked by the planet below you). But so far there hasn’t been an elevated cancer rate for ISS astronauts, many of whom have spent 6+ months there.