> Ponzi scheme work because people believe the fraud
That is not always the case. Sometimes you have a Ponzi like Madoff where it may seem legit to investors but most ponzis are blatant and the people involved know it is a ponzi but think they can profit by selling it to greater fools.
Of course they will all express shock and feign ignorance when they are trying to get their money back or defend themselves from the angry people they hustled.
In the US, as the Madoff case showed, if it can be shown that you are a sophisticated enough investor to realize that it is probably a Ponzi scheme, your profits can be clawed back and used as partial restitution for the victims. Any scheme that is upfront about what it was doing would significantly lower the bar on making that case.
That is not always the case. Sometimes you have a Ponzi like Madoff where it may seem legit to investors but most ponzis are blatant and the people involved know it is a ponzi but think they can profit by selling it to greater fools.
Of course they will all express shock and feign ignorance when they are trying to get their money back or defend themselves from the angry people they hustled.