It works very well for moderate changes. Look into the history of Boycotts and they have actually changed quite a bit about how several industries work.
Antibiotics is actually a fairly minor benefit to the meat industry, so it's a winning strategy assuming significant popular support.
Boycotting works through the stubborn minority rule [1]. Sometimes even less than 1% of the total population can enforce their rule for the whole country. This works as long as the rest of population finds the rule does not bother them match.
I thought it was universally acknowledged that boycotts, generally, don't work, because you can almost never find and coordinate enough people that care.
The case of Kosher wine from the link shows how about 0.3% of population forced almost all wines in US to be Kosher by boycotting non-kosher wines. The important thing is that the minority should be distributed across the whole population uniformly.
Antibiotics is actually a fairly minor benefit to the meat industry, so it's a winning strategy assuming significant popular support.