I think the list is too long. You can do 99% of things with 3 knots. The ones I use in order of frequency:
1. Truckers hitch - for tying anything to the roof of my car or the bed of my pickup.
2. Bowline - for attaching anything to the end of a rope.
3. Fishermans - for tying two ropes together, for backing up a bowline.
I also like the following knots.
Clove Hitch - provides an adjustable anchor. I use this rock climbing and rafting. For rafting I use it to tie the raft to shore. I can easily adjust the length of the anchor when the river level fluctuates.
Double Figure 8 - the standard for rock climbing. I prefer the bowline because it is easier to untie.
I do like the truckers hitch, but have some different preferences for the other knots you list.
For a fixed loop at the end of a rope, I prefer the zeppelin loop. It's just a tiny bit more difficult to tie than a bowline, but has the virtue of being very easy to untie, even after being subjected to great loads (ie. it doesn't jam). It's also very secure.
When joining two ropes together, I like to use the zeppelin bend. It's very easy to tie, very secure, and very easy to untie (like the zeppelin loop, it doesn't jam).
As for the clove hitch, according to Wikipedia, it "can slip when loaded. In smaller diameter cords, it may jam and become difficult to untie after being heavily weighted. It is also very unreliable when used to hitch to a post with sharp corners."
So, instead of the clove hitch, I prefer to use the double constrictor knot. Unfortunately, like the clove hitch, it can be difficult to untie when subjected to a lot of stress. But it is very, very secure (gripping tighter and tighter when either end is tugged).
Here are some other knots I find useful in various situations:
For an adjustable loop, I prefer the adjustable grip hitch. For a simple noose, I like the figure-of-eight noose.
If I need a fixed loop in the middle of a rope, I like to form the alpine butterfly.
For an incredibly tight grip on a slippery cylindrical surface, where weight will only be applied in one direction parallel to the cyliner, there's virtually nothing better than the icicle hitch.
For tying bags shut, there's the appropriately named bag knot.
For tying packages, the packer's knot.
To tie my shoelaces I use the Turquoise Turtle Knot, which is very simple to tie, and never accidentally unties.
Lariat loop/knot is an extremely simple knot that can have a ton of uses. Not to mention it's the knot for making a lasso but works well for stringing a bow. I've even seen it used to string up a shower curtain before (non jamming knot) while camping.
Great article. I hadn't heard of most of these before. I've added a link to my knol on backpacking: http://knol.google.com/k/how-to-backpack#view in the knots section for further reading.
He didn't include one of the most essential knots to tie two ropes together: the one-sided overhand bend (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-sided_overhand_bend). It's very strong and really simple (which is most important in stressful situations when you can't afford any mistakes).
In rock climbing when you do multiple pitches, you usually climb with two ropes (50 or 60 meter each). That provides double safety and you can abseil 60 meters straight. At abseiling you make the bend on one end, put the rope through the carabiner on top of the route and use both ropes to get down on. Then you simply pull on one rope and both come down.
If you enjoy reading about this kind of thing, check out Black Diamond's QC Lab blog, which has lots of interesting posts about climbing gear strength from their head of quality control.
I learned the one handed bowline a few years back, and in the process actually forgot how to do a 2-handed bowline. Now its only useful if I'm drowning...
I'm a fan of the tautline hitch because, while not optimal for everything, it adapts decently to a wide variety of situations. It's also easy to remember and modify. Need more grip? Just add more loops. Too tight? Take a loop out and you have two half-hitches.
If you like the tautline hitch, you might want to check out the adjustable grip hitch. I've heard several recommendations of the AGH over the TH, such as this one:
"The Tarbuck Knot and the Tautline Hitch (Midshipman's Hitch) are also good slide-and-grip knots, but in my experience they are not as easy to dress and set as the Adjustable Grip Hitch, and they don't seem to grip as well."
You're right, these are the names I frequently heard for them growing up (fishing community) and what I hear from my boss (fisher/farmer growing up), but I've heard completely different names for some of them from people who've worked in forestry and things.
As someone who dislikes all the facebook posts and apple and whatnots that aren't really hacking, this is an amazingly awesome post and I wish there were more of these things on HN.
You can say the site is going downhill or that it is in a slump but this kind of post is exactly the opposite of the posts that I think are non-hacker news. I would much rather see 100 how to tie special knots, how to quickly repair an engine or something along those line posts over another facebook privacy post (though those are indeed almost non-existent now).
Plus I would say this site is better anyway for knots.
http://www.fieggen.com/shoelace/ianknot.htm