There was a serious attempt to push an equivalent of rational choice in political science a while ago. Public choice theory holds that bureaucrats and politicians are rational actors maximising their own power. It's no longer very prominent because it turns out to be a poor fit for actual motivations - which seem to be a complex mix of office politics, power seeking, public service motivation, and following the wishes of their superiors. The model was simply too reductive to be useful.
I'm not an economist, but it would surprise me if a whole society's motivations were not at least as complex as those of a government department.
I'm not an economist, but it would surprise me if a whole society's motivations were not at least as complex as those of a government department.