Mechanical sympathy is a good source, probably the source for java specific topics. In general, you'll want to really, really learn the internals of the JIT so you can structure your application to cooperate with the JIT and the GC.
Beyond that, I've found the biggest throughput gains and/or latency decreases by implementing the right threading or lack of threading, locking or lock-free implementations, and then tuning, profiling and optimizing things just right for the target hardware.
That's just a little sentence, but it's an amazingly hard topic. There are not many resources about this out there beyond just looking at high performance systems, regardless of language. The innodb storage engine is a fun project with some interesting locking, and I like reading about the things the kernel does.
Beyond that, I've found the biggest throughput gains and/or latency decreases by implementing the right threading or lack of threading, locking or lock-free implementations, and then tuning, profiling and optimizing things just right for the target hardware.
That's just a little sentence, but it's an amazingly hard topic. There are not many resources about this out there beyond just looking at high performance systems, regardless of language. The innodb storage engine is a fun project with some interesting locking, and I like reading about the things the kernel does.