Well, Java had that wide an adoption (in the enterprise) already 10 years after it was introduced. It appeared on 1995 -- but 2005 it was already the de-facto enterprise backend language.
Ditto for C#, but of course C# was pushed by MS as the native solution for Windows, a platform that already had 95% market share.
1995-2005 was the time when traditional IT industry grew to such humongous proportion. Global delivery model, offshore development and so on were developed during that time. So either way Java/C# came at right time or IT industry grew due to them. Lots of new software and users were created which did not exist before and not the wholesale rewrite of pre-existing software else e.g. COBOL could have gone from banking sector.
So asking Go to be popular as Java in 10 years is to live up to expectation that past languages weren't asked.
Ditto for C#, but of course C# was pushed by MS as the native solution for Windows, a platform that already had 95% market share.