Some of the conventions: // Type indicated with `:`, type follows variable; valu...

Some of the conventions:

    // Type indicated with `:`, type follows variable; value follows type.
    variable: Type
    variable: Type = "value"

    // Generics with <>
    strings: List<String>

    // Operator overloading.
    text = "a" + "b"
    num = 1 + 2

    // Capitalize type names.
    class TheClass { ... }

    // Use braces for delimiting.
    class TheClass { ... }

Most of the conventions we're talking about were adopted by Scala; but we can see they also predate Scala. Many can be found in C++. The type/variable notation is very old, going back to ML and truthfully going back to mathematical notation.