It's not so complicated. The article is about jail and impulse control, so the desired "outcome" is to stay out of jail and the "value", if you'd even call it that, is to temper momentary impulses to foster longer term thinking. Except in extreme cases, just spending time with someone and caring about that person gets you most of the way there, regardless of the specific values you're trying to impart.
If you want to regress forever you can quickly reach the bedrock question of, "Why do anything?" And if you want to drill hard enough, yes, there is no absolute answer to that. We get it.
But, back in reality, most of us have a general handle on outcomes that are good and bad for humans, and what people want day to day and for society. Safety is better than danger. Health is better than disease. Joy is better than pain. Choice is better than slavery. And so on.
If you want to have a hyper-abstract philosophical debate on bedrock values or is/ought, you should start a discussion that is targeting that question.
Those "bedrock values" you call "bedrock" are not as such at all.
What about those that get joy from pain? What about brothel owners that highly value the slavery that gets them their women? What about terrorists cells that desire chaos above safety?
