Considering on-label use is to combat sleepiness, would have been interesting to see more than just a placebo control. E.g. vs. caffeine or vs. a good night's rest vs. staying up all night. Maybe sleep vs. no sleep the night before provides the same thing.
The fMRI happened 3 hours after the participants dose, so sleep vs. no sleep wouldn't affect the results (you would reasonably expect the sleep vs. no sleep to be randomly distributed between participants, without being unduly biased to one cohort).
Study participants received a single-dose of modafinil or a placebo pill.
All subjects then underwent two fMRI scans, performed before and 3 h after
drug (or placebo) administration.
When does Modafinil reach its full after taking a dose? I take it for sleep apnea and I don't really feel 3 hours is a sufficient time to measure its effects.