You cherry picked an industry only a few decades old for your American Companies. If you look at established industries the largest companies are more than a century old as well, in auto GM and Ford have 3 times the revenue of BASF and more than twice as many employees, each. For comparison of the companies you listed, Amazon's revenue last year was $133 Billion compared to GM's $166 Billion.
The US's largest chemical company, fairly close in size to BASF, is Dow Chemical, also more than a century old
The US's largest chemical company, fairly close in size to BASF, is Dow Chemical, also more than a century old