Have you considered that the tax system shouldnt /help/ anyone? Trying to further social policy via taxation is about the least efficient way to do it.
Treat all income the same, do not allow deductions, charge a medium rate (10-25%), exempt the first 35-50k a year - no special rates for married filers (everyone files single), no deductions for dependents.
Eliminate corporate income tax entirely, replace with a VAT and a financial transactions tax (.25% of any transaction).
Any tax system will have winners and losers, including no tax system at all, including one where the treasury burned the collected money rather than used it to pay for social programs. Who ever designs the tax system directly chooses the winners and losers--it cannot be avoided.
Treat all income the same, do not allow deductions, charge a medium rate (10-25%), exempt the first 35-50k a year - no special rates for married filers (everyone files single), no deductions for dependents.
Eliminate corporate income tax entirely, replace with a VAT and a financial transactions tax (.25% of any transaction).