You may like rare coloured photos made by US army Major Martin Manhoff who served in the US embassy in Moscow from February 1952 until June 1954, when he was expelled from the USSR on charges of espionage. All of this material ended up in a closet in his home in Washington State where it lay unseen for over half a century. Here is a link:
It combines Russian photographs from government and private collections - people basically sent in old photographs so they could be put up online. Think archive.org, but for Russian photographs.
There are 72k photos, sadly only 3k of which were donated by private individuals.
What an amazing find. The collection spans 69 years, from 1926 to 1995 (with a few breaks).
There is a bit more info in the (easy to miss) About tab[1]. Petapixel has a few highlights[2]. I'd love to read more about what lead to the archival process and how it was done.
It's interesting how there was little to no advertisement in a photography magazine back then. Nowadays, photos are only a decoration of "digital photo advertisement pamphlets" baiting you to buy them for the six photos in them.
I wonder if this relates to capitalism vs communism or if it is simply a question of time until anything gets littered with ads.
A lot of work was supported by the photographic artists union (Союз фотохудожников СССР) which received government grants and income from journal subscriptions, photo book sales, and sales from international gallery shows. Antanas Sutkus talks about it in this interview: https://birdinflight.com/ru/vdohnovenie/opyt/intervyu-sutkus...
In late 80s they ran a TV show with Soviet and American audiences and hosts talking to each other[1]. Once they were a few seconds late to cut off a commercial being shown to the Americans and Soviet public learned that this show had commercials and demanded them to be shown to the Soviet side as well. This should tell you how much advertisement was there.
All I can recall is few absurd billboards like "Fly Aeroflot!" (the only airline) or "Keep your savings in the Sberkassa!" (which probably did not advertise the Sberkassa itself, since it was the only retail bank, but the savings accounts, still looked funny).
Advertising of consumer goods certaintly did exist in USSR planned economy, but it was very different style of advertising. It didn't have advertising as a tool for brands to compete between themselves, but simply as a tool to communicate about a brand/product.
Companies had ads in various mass media that (a) advertised new products that had been issued; (b) advertised features & proper usage of products (including nudging towards desired behavior) (c) advertised the new styles/designs issued for e.g. clothing. Illustrative product catalogues were a thing. It's a quite different sort of advertising, more like public information and sometimes a bit towards propaganda, but it certainly is advertising.
Also, quite a bit of "traditional" advertising material was made in USSR for export markets.
Actually, there was some internal competition (e.g. Aeroflot vs railways, tobacco brands etc) and advertisement was indeed used as a tool to compete. It also worth to mention the NEP period of USSR history with full-scale competition, when a lot of advertisement artworks were created by Rodchenko and others.
I would expect any central economic plan to miss consumer needs/desires by a fair margin on a regular basis. Was such advertising also trying to sway consumer behavior back to what the economic planners had original anticipated (as to avoid shortages/surpluses of goods)?
Central economic planning does not automatically mean that it will always miss consumer needs. It was a big issue in USSR which some academics were planning to address with advancement in cybernetics (which meant something like what we call "big data" today), but it never received proper attention from the government.
Regarding advertising, the customers of advertisement agencies (there were few in USSR) were firms themselves, not Gosplan. Every Soviet firm or Glavk ("main committee" - sort of a business unit in Soviet government responsible for the management of whole market segment) had a plan, that's true, but it was up to them how to implement it, so some did invest in advertisement (examples were beverages, perfume etc etc).
For an incredibly interesting and riveting (even "just" for the fictional parts) treatment of Soviet's attempt at planning the whole economy I always suggest Red Plenty by Francis Spufford.
Get it, read it, become a fan.
When I first went to Latvia I was surprised at how small store signs were. At first I thought this was a an ideological thing. No need to advertise. Then I realized the much bigger signs, in Russian, that had been above the small signs in Latvian, had been taken down.
Is it just that though? How did photography magazines look in the US around the same time? And if there was advertisement, was the ratio of content:advertisement as bad as it is today?
I've heard many times that the difference in public advertising between East and West Germany (or East Germany before and after '89) is striking.
But you are right, there may be more to it. I couldn't find a period American photo magazine on archive.org. There are old issues of a magazine called "Art Photography"[1], which sounds right, but turns out to be more pornography than photography, so I'm not sure it counts (there are only a few ads, for what it's worth).
On the other hand, popular mechanics is on archive.org ([2], featured previously on HN), and it's chock full of ads; the ads vastly outweigh the editorial content. I guess that's a feature, not a bug: in the 80s and 90s my dad bought computer magazines as much for the ads (ie. as a monthly product catalogue) as for the actual content. Like popular mechanics, they were pretty cheap (PM was 35 cents in 1965, around $2.50 in 2017).
The Soviet Photography magazine could serve as a case study. It wouldn't take forever to tally up the amount of ads in each issue, or even a sample of them. The 89/7 issue had zero ads. One of the last available issues is from around '94[3]. There is a bit of advertising, but not a lot.
The final (outer) page is a full page ad for a Canon EOS 1.
Edit/PS: I expanded my sample size to 3. The second to last page of a 1975 edition[4] has a full page ad for a Practica LTL[5]. No ads, apart from that.
[5] http://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Praktica_LTL I'm sure the advertised 1.8/50 lens made for fun shooting. Better image quality than an iPhone! Both camera and lens fetch ~50 bucks on ebay, today.
There were certainly brands and advertising in the Roman Empire, but I've read books on branding (in the marketing sense) that point to Josiah Wedgwood as more or less the inventor of modern (post-Roman Western) brand identity. I think Meatball Sundae, for example, said this.
Not photos, but related. Recently I found a good website with Soviet and Russian movies translated to English [1]. As a Russian I can say that at least some of the movies have very solid dubbing and subtitles.
I was also thinking on making free Apple TV app to support this project.
Our tech team is partially in Minsk, Belarus. As a result I've had the opportunity to sneak to nearby countries and photograph them anytime I go back for work.
The region is still relatively undiscovered to photographers and in many places there are many remnants of the old Soviet Union still around.
There are ghost military towns in Latvia. Soviet spy dish, numerous memorials to WWII, old train stations and tons of brick chimneys that still spew a lot of smoke and steam to provide heat to the city.
There is also something about aged faces of the region. There is so much character and wrinkles in them.
Then you have places like Georgia that have amazing historical village from 12th century and very beautiful mountainous views.
If you have nostalgia like me for the photos in these archives, there are still opportunities to photograph some yourself.
On the side note. Belarus just recently opened a 5-day visa free access to the country.
Georgia and Armenia don't need a visa and they love American tourists. In Tbilisi the main road out of the airport is named after George Bush.
Best of all, US citizens have the best visa options of western citizen to visit Russia. There is a 3-year multiple visit visa that is not available to other European citizens (AFAIK) and with the World Cup hosted there next year, it might be a good time to apply for your visa now.
It's based on some US-Russia agreement signed in 2012 [0]
But I hear what you're saying.
I met a German family who had a custom-made camper van in Georgia. They told me they drove in Russia but their visa wasn't long enough. I told them I had a 3-year visa and they wouldn't believe me until I showed them my passport with my visa on it.
This is a great find, browsed thru a 1932 issue and it was like traveling on a time machine. 2^6 + 2 cover pages. Passes the numerology test too. Makes me want to travel to North Korea for live footage of the same theme.
https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=1015584792...
It includes rare footage of Stalin funeral (made from US embassy building):
http://www.rferl.org/a/manhoff-archive-part-one-stalins-fune...