"Lots of loops making database calls each time" improved by "a bit more thought in the design" and "a bit of caching" sounds an awful lot like Big O analysis, and algorithmic optimisation even if it is on top on Django ORM.
Sometimes only. big O cuts all the constants and they are really important in actual software development. A lot of actual work involve improving the speed from a 10N to a 2N, it is a big difference for the costumer, but they are all O(N).
Its not really. Its the same algorithmic complexity (the exception being adding appropriate database indexes), but shifting the where the computation is done.