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Actually it's been held that TOS violations are NOT subject to the criminal provisions of the CFAA.



Are you referring to the MySpace case? Or the July 2016 decision by the Ninth Circuit (https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2016/07/05/1...). In US v Nosal it seems like they come down in favor of a CFAA violation if the user acts in an unauthorized way. The author of the piece talks about bypassing captcha's which are, in one interpretation, a demand for authorization (by proving that you are a human and not a program) and by circumventing that authorization they have stepped quite clearly into CFAA territory.

If you were referring to a different decision I'd love to read it. I follow this stuff (and at one time explored what legal action our startup could take against scrapers). In our case we also offered a paid API so it was fairly easy to establish damages.


The case you're referring to is an entirely different set of circumstances. From the text:

"The panel held that the defendant, a former employee whose computer access credentials were revoked, acted “without authorization” in violation of the CFAA when he or his former employee co-conspirators used the login credentials of a current employee to gain access to computer data owned by the former employer and to circumvent the revocation of access. "

I think that case is unambiguous - this guy was using someone else's credentials to access secured systems after having been explicitly told that he could not. I was referring to the MySpace case.

I don't think these two cases are in conflict; IMO they are very different. Additionally, for our purposes in this comment thread, we're talking about scraping of publicly available websites by outside parties, not by former employees whose access has been explicitly revoked. That is different than either of these cases.




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