The author, in an adorable little attempt to wear big-boy pants[0], seems not to know that '<' is a message passed to a receiver. You can even redefine it if you like.
Better pseudo code would be
1.lt(2).lt(3)
In fact, this is correct (albeit ungainly) ruby code
Unfortunately Ruby is not wrong. Ruby is simply being strictly correct from a logic point of view, where < is R^2 -> {T, F}, as opposed to being strictly correct from a math-notation point of view, where < is treated syncategorematically. Neither is correct, sans qualification; given that Ruby is not aimed at mathematicians, it's not unsurprising to find that it's not going to go through the extra parsing effort to use math notation.
The comment you're replying to was not asserting that Ruby fails to follow its own rules, but rather arguing with the rules Ruby follows; other languages have made an exception to their normal rules for this case, and apparently some people feel it would be better for Ruby to do the same.
I actually think that a trained mathematician would have no idea what to do with 3 ^ 4 ^ 5. It's a completely ambiguous statement and has no proper mathematical parsing.
Is the condescending tone necessary?
An alternative:
"Ruby turns this expression into the following pseudo-code"