OneGet and the Appstore might be taking steps in the right direction. Still no unified (apt-get upgrade and dist-upgrade) - but currently doing an in-place upgrade win7->win10 and I actually expect settings to be retained and programs to continue working.
For (especially) FOSS software, you might want to look at http://scoop.sh/
For (especially) FOSS software, you might want to look at http://scoop.sh/
OneGet appears to be more of a wip:
http://blogs.technet.com/b/packagemanagement/archive/2015/05...
https://github.com/OneGet/oneget/wiki/cmdlets
But still useful.